With hundreds of thousands of residents leaving the city since 2020, rights groups say the government is shifting its online monitoring to Hong Kongers abroad in an attempt to stifle their activism.
In July, Hong Kong police ramped up pressure on eight dissendents - some of whom are now residing in Australia, Britain and the U.S. - issuing arrest warrants for alleged national security violations and offering bounties of HK$1 million ($127,876) for each arrest.
Activists overseas said they - and those around them - are increasingly having to tighten their digital security and self-censor by limiting their social media use and avoiding public appearances online or offline to protect themselves and their loved ones.